Treatment/Prevention

In the field, the procedures to treat shock are identical to procedures that would be performed to prevent shock. When treating a casualty, assume that shock is present or will occur shortly.

WARNING! By waiting until actual signs/symptoms of shock are noticeable, the rescuer may jeopardize the casualty's life.

Position the Casualty - (DO NOT move the casualty if suspected fractures have not been splinted [see: Fractures] or if the casualty has neck or spinal injuries.)

A casualty in shock after suffering a heart attack, chest wound, or breathing difficulty, may breathe easier in a sitting position. If this is the case, allow him to sit upright, but monitor carefully in case his condition worsens.

Elevate the casualty's feet higher than the level of his heart. Use a stable object (a box, briefcase, or rolled up clothing) so that his feet will not slip off. WARNING! DO NOT elevate legs if the casualty has an un-splinted broken leg, head injury, or abdominal injury.

For a casualty with an abdominal wound - treat the wound first. Then place knees in an upright (flexed) position. Loosen clothing at the neck, waist, or wherever it may be binding.

• DO NOT give the casualty any food or drink.
• Prevent chilling or overheating.
• The key is to maintain body temperature.
• In cold weather, place a blanket or other like item over him to keep him warm and under him to prevent chilling.
• If a tourniquet has been applied, leave the tourniquet visible [see: Tourniquet] .
• In hot weather, place the casualty in the shade and avoid excessive covering.
• Calm the casualty. Throughout the entire procedure of treating and caring for a casualty, the rescuer should reassure the casualty and keep him calm.
• Seek medical aid.
• If you must leave the casualty or if he is unconscious, turn his head to the side to prevent him from choking should he vomit.