Evaluate the Head or Spinal Injury

Be prepared to perform lifesaving measures. The basic lifesaving measures may include clearing the airway, rescue breathing, treatment for shock, and/or bleeding control.

Check Level of Consciousness/Responsiveness

With a head injury, an important area to evaluate is the victim's level of consciousness and responsiveness. Ask the victim questions such as:

• "What is your name?" (Person)
• "Where are you?" (Place)
• "What day/month/year is it?" (Time)

Any incorrect responses, inability to answer, or changes in responses should be reported to medical personnel. Check the victim's level of consciousness every 15 minutes and note any changes from earlier observations.

Position the Victim

WARNING! DO NOT move the victim if you suspect he has sustained a neck, spine or severe head injury.

If the victim is conscious or has a minor (superficial) scalp wound:

• Have the victim sit up (unless other injuries prohibit or he is unable).
• If the victim is lying down and is not accumulating fluids or drainage in his throat, elevate his head slightly.
• If the victim is bleeding from or into his mouth or throat, turn his head to the side or position him on his side so that the airway will be clear. Avoid pressure on the wound or place him on his side - opposite the site of the injury.
• If the victim is unconscious or has a severe head injury suspect and treat him as having a neck or spinal injury, immobilize and DO NOT move the victim.