Anthrax

Signs and Symptoms

Incubation period is generally 1-6 days, although longer periods have been noted. Fever, malaise, fatigue, cough and mild chest discomfort progresses to severe respiratory distress with shortness of breath, diaphoresis, stridor, cyanosis, and shock. Death typically occurs within 24-36 hours after onset of severe symptoms.

Diagnosis

Physical findings are non-specific. A widened mediastinum may be seen on chest X-ray in later stages of illness. The organism is detectable by Gram stain of the blood and by blood culture late in the course of illness. However, a late diagnosis is fatal.

Treatment

Although effectiveness may be limited after symptoms are present, high- dose antibiotic treatment with penicillin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline should be undertaken. Supportive therapy may be necessary.

Next >>