Hemorrhagic Overview

The viral hemorrhagic fevers are a diverse group of illnesses caused by RNA viruses from four viral families.

• Argentine hemorrhagic fevers include: Bolivian and Venezuelan
  hemorrhagic fevers, and Lassa fever.
• Bunyaviridae include the members of the Hantavirus genus.
• Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus from the Nairovirus genus.
• Rift Valley fever virus from the Phlebovirus genus.
• Filoviridae include Ebola and Marburg viruses.
• Flaviviridae include dengue and yellow fever viruses.

These viruses are spread in a variety of ways; some may be transmitted to humans via the a respiratory system. Although evidence for weaponization does not exist for many of these viruses, they are included because of their potential for aerosol dissemination or weaponization, or likelihood for confusion with similar agents that might be weaponized.

History and Significance

These viruses are diverse and occur in different geographic locations. Some significant events may provide insight into their possible importance as biological threat agents.

Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)

AHF is caused by the Junin virus, was first described in 1955 in corn harvesters. From 300 to 600 cases per year occur in areas of the Argentine pampas.