Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B is a bacteria producing exotoxins (a poisonous substance released into the body) that is responsible for a range of infections including severe sepsis, pneumonia, heart inflammation, and soft tissue infections.

Signs and Symptoms

A 3-12 hour latent period after aerosol exposure is followed by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, muscle pains, and dry cough. Some casualties may develop shortness of breath and chest pain. Condition tends to plateau rapidly to a fairly stable state. Fever may last 2 to 5 days, and cough may persist for up to 4 weeks. Casualties may also present with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea if they swallow the toxin. High exposure can lead to septic shock and death.

Diagnosis

Casualties present with a febrile respiratory syndrome, with no CXR (chest x-ray) abnormalities. Large numbers of casualties in a short period of time with typical symptoms and signs of SEB pulmonary exposure would suggest an intentional attack with this toxin.

Treatment

Treatment is limited to supportive care. Artificial ventilation might be required for very severe cases, and attention to fluid replacement is vital.

Preventative Measures

Use a protective mask. There is currently no human vaccine available to prevent SEB intoxication.

Isolation and Decontamination

Standard Precautions for healthcare workers. SEB is not absorbed through the skin and secondary aerosols (coughing and sputum from casualty) are not a hazard. Decontaminate with soap and water. Destroy any food that may have been contaminated.